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This article lists a number of common generic forms in place names in the British Isles, their meanings and some examples of their use. The study of place names is called toponymy ; for a more detailed examination of this subject in relation to British and Irish place names, refer to Toponymy in the United Kingdom and Ireland .
A key to English place-names from the Institute for Name Studies, Nottingham; University of Wales Place-name Research Centre; Place-names and the Scots language: the marches of lexical and onomastic research; Domesday Book place-name forms—All the original spellings of English place-names in the Domesday Book (link to PDF file).
Place-names containing *kaitos are a particularly important source of evidence for understanding the phonological development of the Indo-European diphthong /ai/ in the Brittonic languages; [3]: 324–30 for dialectal variation in the development of /t/ in Brittonic; [4] for the palatal diphthongisation of /eː/ after /k/ in Old English; [5 ...
Pairs of original elements can produce the same element in a modern place name. For example, the Old English elements den (valley) and dun (hill) are sometimes confused, as they can now lack obvious meanings. Croydon is in a valley and Willesden is on a hill. Multiple meanings. Some elements, such as wich and wick, can have many meanings.
A medieval castle in the town of the same name in the English county of Kent. It was founded in the 12th century and has been described as the "Key to England" due to its defensive significance throughout history. It is the largest castle in England. Dymchurch Martello Tower: Martello Tower: 1805 Restored A Martello Tower in Dymchurch.
Even specialists in this field point out, however, that the information can be easily taken out of context, since there is a great deal of repetition of place names throughout Europe; reliance purely on apparent connections should therefore be tempered with valid historical methodology.
The following is a list of place names often used tautologically, plus the languages from which the non-English name elements have come. Tautological place names are systematically generated in languages such as English and Russian, where the type of the feature is systematically added to a name regardless of whether it contains it already.
List of places in England; Lists of places in Wales; List of places in Scotland; List of places in Northern Ireland; Toponymy in the United Kingdom and Ireland, the study of place names; List of generic forms in place names in the British Isles; United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names