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In the late 19th century and early 20th century, some German nationalists added elements of racial ideology, ultimately culminating in the Nuremberg Laws, sections of which sought to determine by law and genetics who was to be considered German.
In the 19th century, the rise of romantic nationalism in Germany had led to the concepts of Pan-Germanism and Drang nach Osten, which in part gave rise to the concept of Lebensraum. German nationalists used the existence of large German minorities in other countries as a basis for territorial claims.
Therefore, the rivalry was an important element of the German question in the 19th century. Both opponents first met in the Silesian Wars and Seven Years' War during the middle 18th century until the conflict's culmination in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866.
The Hambach rhetoric emphasized the overall peaceable nature of German nationalism: ... By the early 19th century, German roads had deteriorated to an appalling extent.
Pan-Germanism was highly influential in German politics in the 19th century during the unification of Germany when the German Empire was proclaimed as a nation-state in 1871 but without Habsburg Austria, Luxembourg and Liechtenstein (Kleindeutsche Lösung/Lesser Germany) and the first half of the 20th century in the Austro-Hungarian Empire and ...
Nationalism did not become the usual way of founding and legitimising states across Europe until after World War I. In the mid-19th century, over 90% of the population in the Austrian Empire and the German Confederation were peasants. Most of them suffered the indignity of serfdom or some lingering elements of the system of forced labor ...
The "German question" was a debate in the 19th century, especially during the Revolutions of 1848, over the best way to achieve a unification of all or most lands inhabited by Germans. [ citation needed ] From 1815 to 1866, about 37 independent German-speaking states existed within the German Confederation .
The first usage of the name occurred in publications over grave sites in southern Germany in the late 19th century. [ 18 ] [ 19 ] Over much of Europe, the Urnfield culture followed the Tumulus culture and was succeeded by the Hallstatt culture . [ 20 ]