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The Kappa number estimates the amount of chemicals required during bleaching of wood pulp to obtain a pulp with a given degree of whiteness. Since the amount of bleach needed is related to the lignin content of the pulp, the Kappa number can be used to monitor the effectiveness of the lignin-extraction phase of the pulping process.
Cohen's kappa measures the agreement between two raters who each classify N items into C mutually exclusive categories. The definition of is =, where p o is the relative observed agreement among raters, and p e is the hypothetical probability of chance agreement, using the observed data to calculate the probabilities of each observer randomly selecting each category.
The condition of random sampling among raters makes Fleiss' kappa not suited for cases where all raters rate all patients. [5] Agreement can be thought of as follows, if a fixed number of people assign numerical ratings to a number of items then the kappa will give a measure for how consistent the ratings are.
the Kappa number, indicating lignin content in pulp; represents: the Von Kármán constant, describing the velocity profile of turbulent flow; the kappa curve, a two-dimensional algebraic curve [10] the condition number of a matrix in numerical analysis; the connectivity of a graph in graph theory [11] curvature [12]
Thermal diffusivity of selected materials and substances [12]; Material Thermal diffusivity (mm 2 /s) References Pyrolytic graphite, parallel to layers: 1,220: Diamond: 1,060 - 1,160
In mathematical logic, category theory, and computer science, kappa calculus is a formal system for defining first-order functions. Unlike lambda calculus, kappa calculus has no higher-order functions; its functions are not first class objects. Kappa-calculus can be regarded as "a reformulation of the first-order fragment of typed lambda ...
In coordination chemistry, denticity (from Latin dentis 'tooth') refers to the number of donor groups in a given ligand that bind to the central metal atom in a coordination complex. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In many cases, only one atom in the ligand binds to the metal, so the denticity equals one, and the ligand is said to be unidentate or monodentate .
The kappa curve was first studied by Gérard van Gutschoven around 1662. In the history of mathematics, it is remembered as one of the first examples of Isaac Barrow's application of rudimentary calculus methods to determine the tangent of a curve. Isaac Newton and Johann Bernoulli continued the studies of this curve subsequently.