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The adaptive immune system, AIS, also known as the acquired immune system, or specific immune system is a subsystem of the immune system that is composed of specialized cells, organs, and processes that eliminate pathogens specifically.
This is a list of immune cells, also known as white blood cells, ... Messengers between innate and adaptive immune system [12] [13] B cell: Lymphocyte: B cell: B ...
The cells of the adaptive immune system are special types of leukocytes, called lymphocytes. B cells and T cells are the major types of lymphocytes and are derived from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. [57] B cells are involved in the humoral immune response, whereas T cells are involved in cell-mediated immune response.
The process is a defining feature of the adaptive immune system. V(D)J recombination in mammals occurs in the primary lymphoid organs ( bone marrow for B cells and thymus for T cells) and in a nearly random fashion rearranges variable (V), joining (J), and in some cases, diversity (D) gene segments.
The immune system has innate and adaptive components. Innate immunity is present in all metazoans , [ 1 ] immune responses: inflammatory responses and phagocytosis . [ 2 ] The adaptive component, on the other hand, involves more advanced lymphatic cells that can distinguish between specific "non-self" substances in the presence of "self".
Antigen presentation allows for specificity of adaptive immunity and can contribute to immune responses against both intracellular and extracellular pathogens. It is also involved in defense against tumors. Some cancer therapies involve the creation of artificial APCs to prime the adaptive immune system to target malignant cells.
In immunology, a memory B cell (MBC) is a type of B lymphocyte that forms part of the adaptive immune system. These cells develop within germinal centers of the secondary lymphoid organs . Memory B cells circulate in the blood stream in a quiescent state, sometimes for decades. [ 1 ]
T cells are one of the important types of white blood cells of the immune system and play a central role in the adaptive immune response. T cells can be distinguished from other lymphocytes by the presence of a T-cell receptor (TCR) on their cell surface .