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Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a form of phototherapy involving light and a photosensitizing chemical substance used in conjunction with molecular oxygen to elicit cell death (phototoxicity). [1] PDT is used in treating acne, wet age-related macular degeneration, psoriasis, and herpes.
Figure 1. Schematic representation of the mechanism of (a) photopharmacology (b) photodynamic therapy, and (c) optogenetics. The discovery of natural photoreceptors such as rhodopsins in the eye inspired the biomedical and pharmacology research community to engineer light-sensitive proteins for therapeutic applications. [2]
Recovery of visual acuity usually follows. Treatment should be considered if resorption does not occur within 3–4 months, [19] spontaneously or as the result of counselling. [1] The available evidence suggests that half-dose (or half-fluence) photodynamic therapy is the treatment of choice for CSR with subretinal fluid for longer than 3–4 ...
Laser radiation being delivered via a fiber for photodynamic therapy to treat cancer. A 40-watt CO 2 laser with applications in ENT, gynecology, dermatology, oral surgery, and podiatry. Laser medicine is the use of lasers in medical diagnosis, treatments, or therapies, such as laser photodynamic therapy, [1] photorejuvenation, and laser surgery.
Dental infections tend to also respond better to photothermal therapy than photodynamic therapy, though both have a strong effect. [ 10 ] [ 11 ] [ 12 ] The efficacy of PDT for antimicrobial usage is limited by the properties of the membrane of the target cell such as the electrical gradient ( membrane potential ) and lipid composition.
The efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, using various distinct photosensitizers, has been studied since the 1990s. [ 9 ] [ 7 ] Most studies have yielded positive outcomes, often achieving disinfection levels, as defined by infection control guidelines, exceeding 5 log 10 (99.999%) of microbial inactivation. [ 14 ]
A photosensitizer being used in photodynamic therapy. Photosensitizers are light absorbers that alter the course of a photochemical reaction. They usually are catalysts. [1] They can function by many mechanisms, sometimes they donate an electron to the substrate, sometimes they abstract a hydrogen atom from the substrate.
Scientific research: Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy [4] [5] Copper vapor laser: 510.6 nm, 578.2 nm Electrical discharge Dermatological uses, high speed photography, pump for dye lasers. Gold vapor laser 627 nm (Rare) Dermatological uses, photodynamic therapy. [6] Manganese (Mn/MnCl 2) vapor laser 534.1 nm Pulsed electric discharge ...