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Thirdly, plant morphology studies plant structure at a range of scales. At the smallest scales are ultrastructure, the general structural features of cells visible only with the aid of an electron microscope, and cytology, the study of cells using optical microscopy. At this scale, plant morphology overlaps with plant anatomy as a
The seedlings of some flowering plants have no cotyledons at all. These are said to be acotyledons. The plumule is the part of a seed embryo that develops into the shoot bearing the first true leaves of a plant. In most seeds, for example the sunflower, the plumule is a small conical structure without any leaf structure. Growth of the plumule ...
Parts of plant stem Euonymus alata, an example of alate stems Saraca cauliflora, an example of cauliflora Sciadopitys verticillata, an example of a verticillate plant. Accessory buds – an embryonic shoot occurring above or to the side of an axillary bud; also known as supernumerary bud. Acrocarpous – produced at the end of a branch.
See also androgynous, monoicous, and plant reproductive morphology. bitegmic (of an ovule) Covered by two integument s. Contrast unitegmic. biternate Ternate, with each division divided into three. bivalve Having two valves or hinged parts. Contrast trivalve. blade The lamina or flattened part of a leaf, excluding the stalk or petiole. bloom
Cotyledon from a Judas-tree (Cercis siliquastrum, a dicot) seedling Comparison of a monocot and dicot sprouting. The visible part of the monocot plant (left) is actually the first true leaf produced from the meristem; the cotyledon itself remains within the seed Schematic of epigeal vs hypogeal germination Peanut seeds split in half, showing the embryos with cotyledons and primordial root Two ...
Those pointing away from the seed coat scar or hilum are classified as antitropous, and those pointing towards the hilum are syntropous. If the radicle begins to decay, the seedling undergoes pre-emergence damping off. This disease appears on the radicle as darkened spots. Eventually, it causes death of the seedling. The plumule is the baby shoot.
Seed vigor is a measure of the quality of seed, and involves the viability of the seed, the germination percentage, germination rate, and the strength of the seedlings produced. [ 47 ] The germination percentage is simply the proportion of seeds that germinate from all seeds subject to the right conditions for growth.
As the plant embryo grows at germination, it sends out a shoot called a radicle that becomes the primary root, and then penetrates down into the soil.After emergence of the radicle, the hypocotyl emerges and lifts the growing tip (usually including the seed coat) above the ground, bearing the embryonic leaves (called cotyledons), and the plumule that gives rise to the first true leaves.