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Thirdly, plant morphology studies plant structure at a range of scales. At the smallest scales are ultrastructure, the general structural features of cells visible only with the aid of an electron microscope, and cytology, the study of cells using optical microscopy. At this scale, plant morphology overlaps with plant anatomy as a
A plant derived from the asexual vegetative reproduction of a parent plant, with both plants having identical genetic compositions. coalescent Having plant parts fused or grown together to form a single unit. cochleariform Concave and spoon-shaped. cochleate Coiled like a snail's shell. coenobium An arranged colony of algae that acts like a ...
Seed vigor is a measure of the quality of seed, and involves the viability of the seed, the germination percentage, germination rate, and the strength of the seedlings produced. [ 47 ] The germination percentage is simply the proportion of seeds that germinate from all seeds subject to the right conditions for growth.
A seedling is a young sporophyte developing out of a plant embryo from a seed. Seedling development starts with germination of the seed. A typical young seedling consists of three main parts: the radicle (embryonic root), the hypocotyl (embryonic shoot ), and the cotyledons (seed leaves).
Fruits are the mature ovary of seed-bearing plants, and they include the contents of the ovary, which can be floral parts like the receptacle, involucre, calyx, and others that are fused to it. Fruits are often used to identify plant taxa, help to place the species in the correct family, or differentiate different groups within the same family.
In the 19th century, two contrasting methods of describing the flower were introduced: the textual floral formulae and pictorial floral diagrams. [2] Floral diagrams are credited to A. W. Eichler, whose extensive work Blüthendiagramme [3] [4] (1875, 1878) remains a valuable source of information on floral morphology.
In botany, floral morphology is the study of the diversity of forms and structures presented by the flower, which, by definition, is a branch of limited growth that bears the modified leaves responsible for reproduction and protection of the gametes, called floral pieces.
Plant anatomy or phytotomy is the general term for the study of the internal structure of plants.Originally, it included plant morphology, the description of the physical form and external structure of plants, but since the mid-20th century, plant anatomy has been considered a separate field referring only to internal plant structure.