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The peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is the peak amplitude squared (giving the peak power) divided by the RMS value squared (giving the average power). [1] It is the square of the crest factor. When expressed in decibels , crest factor and PAPR are equivalent, due to the way decibels are calculated for power ratios vs amplitude ratios .
A Band-pass filter showing the centre frequency(Fc), the lower(F1) and upper(F2) cut off frequencies and the bandwidth. The upper and lower cut-off frequencies are defined as the point where the amplitude falls to 3 dB below the peak amplitude. The bandwidth is the distance between the upper and lower cut-off frequencies, and is the range of ...
The P3b is a positive-going amplitude (usually relative to a reference behind the ear or the average of two such references) peaking at around 300 ms, though the peak will vary in latency (delay between stimulus and response) from 250 to 500 ms or later depending upon the task [2] and on the individual subject response. [1]
Peak normalization adjusts the recording based on the highest signal level present in the recording. Loudness normalization adjusts the recording based on perceived loudness . Normalization differs from dynamic range compression , which applies varying levels of gain over a recording to fit the level within a minimum and maximum range.
A signal at +4 dBu is equivalent to a sine wave signal with a peak amplitude of approximately 1.736 volts, or any general signal at approximately 1.228 V RMS. Peak-to-peak (sometimes abbreviated as p-p ) amplitude (V PP ) refers to the total voltage swing of a signal, which is double the peak amplitude of the signal.
Amplitude integrated electroencephalography (aEEG), cerebral function monitoring (CFM) or continuous electroencephalogram (CEEG) is a technique for monitoring brain function in intensive care settings over longer periods of time than the traditional electroencephalogram (EEG), typically hours to days.
The commonly given measurement of PMPO (peak music power out) is largely meaningless and often used in marketing literature; in the late 1960s there was much controversy over this point and the US Government (FTA) required that RMS figures be quoted for all high fidelity equipment. Music power has been making a comeback in recent years.
A peak programme meter (PPM) is an instrument used in professional audio that indicates the level of an audio signal. Different kinds of PPM fall into broad categories: True peak programme meter. This shows the peak level of the waveform no matter how brief its duration. Quasi peak programme meter (QPPM). This only shows the true level of the ...