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A cooling curve of naphthalene from liquid to solid. A cooling curve is a line graph that represents the change of phase of matter, typically from a gas to a solid or a liquid to a solid. The independent variable (X-axis) is time and the dependent variable (Y-axis) is temperature. [1] Below is an example of a cooling curve used in castings.
There are two types of continuous cooling diagrams drawn for practical purposes. Type 1: This is the plot beginning with the transformation start point, cooling with a specific transformation fraction and ending with a transformation finish temperature for all products against transformation time for each cooling curve.
Phase transitions commonly refer to when a substance transforms between one of the four states of matter to another. At the phase transition point for a substance, for instance the boiling point, the two phases involved - liquid and vapor, have identical free energies and therefore are equally likely to exist.
A phase diagram in physical chemistry, engineering, mineralogy, and materials science is a type of chart used to show conditions (pressure, temperature, etc.) at which thermodynamically distinct phases (such as solid, liquid or gaseous states) occur and coexist at equilibrium.
The upper curve is the line of liquidus, and the lower curve is the line of solidus. In chemistry , materials science , and physics , the liquidus temperature specifies the temperature above which a material is completely liquid, [ 2 ] and the maximum temperature at which crystals can co-exist with the melt in thermodynamic equilibrium .
In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water.
A cooling bath or ice bath, in laboratory chemistry practice, is a liquid mixture which is used to maintain low temperatures, typically between 13 °C and −196 °C. These low temperatures are used to collect liquids after distillation , to remove solvents using a rotary evaporator , or to perform a chemical reaction below room temperature ...
cooling curve A line graph representing the change between different phases of matter, typically from a gas to a solid or a liquid to a solid, as a function of time and temperature; e.g. showing how the temperature of a liquid substance changes over time as it condenses below its freezing point. coordinate chemistry coordinate covalent bond