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The model assumptions are: the uncompressed volume of the cylinder is one litre (1 L = 1000 cm 3 = 0.001 m 3); the gas within is the air consisting of molecular nitrogen and oxygen only (thus a diatomic gas with 5 degrees of freedom, and so γ = 7 / 5 ); the compression ratio of the engine is 10:1 (that is, the 1 L volume of uncompressed ...
In thermal physics and thermodynamics, the heat capacity ratio, also known as the adiabatic index, the ratio of specific heats, or Laplace's coefficient, is the ratio of the heat capacity at constant pressure (C P) to heat capacity at constant volume (C V).
In fluid dynamics, Fanno flow (after Italian engineer Gino Girolamo Fanno) is the adiabatic flow through a constant area duct where the effect of friction is considered. [1] Compressibility effects often come into consideration, although the Fanno flow model certainly also applies to incompressible flow. For this model, the duct area remains ...
Then for an ideal gas the compressible Euler equations can be simply expressed in the mechanical or primitive variables specific volume, flow velocity and pressure, by taking the set of the equations for a thermodynamic system and modifying the energy equation into a pressure equation through this mechanical equation of state. At last, in ...
p is the pressure; V is the volume; n is the amount of substance of gas (moles) R is the gas constant, 8.314 J·K −1 mol −1; T is the absolute temperature; To simplify, a volume of gas may be expressed as the volume it would have in standard conditions for temperature and pressure, which are 0 °C (32 °F) and 100 kPa. [2]
For ordinary materials, the bulk compressibility (sum of the linear compressibilities on the three axes) is positive, that is, an increase in pressure squeezes the material to a smaller volume. This condition is required for mechanical stability. [8] However, under very specific conditions, materials can exhibit a compressibility that can be ...
A thermodynamic cycle consists of linked sequences of thermodynamic processes that involve transfer of heat and work into and out of the system, while varying pressure, temperature, and other state variables within the system, and that eventually returns the system to its initial state. [1]
If the calorically perfect gas approximation is used, then the ideal gas law may also be expressed as follows = where is the number density of the gas (number of atoms/molecules per unit volume), = / is the (constant) adiabatic index (ratio of specific heats), = is the internal energy per unit mass (the "specific internal energy"), is the ...