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The Citadel of Barcelona (in Spanish, Ciudadela de Barcelona; in Catalan, Fortalesa de la Ciutadella) was a bastion fort citadel built in Barcelona. The works commenced in 1714 and, at the time of its construction, it was the largest fortress in Europe, capable of housing 8,000 troops. [1] It was designed by the military engineer Marquis of ...
Map of the military compound of Ciutadella. In 1714, during the War of the Spanish Succession, Barcelona was laid siege for 13 months by the army of Philip V of Spain.The city fell, and in order to maintain control over it, and to prevent the Catalans from rebelling as they had in the previous century, Philip V built the citadel of Barcelona, at that time the largest fortress in Europe.
Barcelona had a great citadel built in 1714 to intimidate the Catalans against repeating their mid-17th- and early-18th-century rebellions against the Spanish central government. [10] In the 19th century, when the political climate had liberalized enough to permit it, the people of Barcelona had the citadel torn down, and replaced it with the ...
The economy of Barcelona during this period was increasingly directed towards trade. In 1258 James I of Aragon allowed the merchant guilds of Barcelona to draw ordinances regulating maritime trade in the city's port, [105] and in 1266, he permitted the city to appoint representatives known as consuls to all the major Mediterranean ports of the ...
Barcelona subsoil sanitation project: sewerage, drainage, urban waste (1891), by Pere Garcia Fària. From the end of the century it is worth mentioning Pere Garcia Fària's project to regulate the city's sewage system (Proyecto de saneamiento del subsuelo de Barcelona: alcantarillado, drenaje, residuos urbanos, 1891). It was a project that ...
Citadel hedge fund CEO Griffin closed on a boutique office building at 125 Worth Ave. in Palm Beach on Tuesday, according to a deed found on the commercial real estate database Vizzda and the ...
In the context of the tricentennial commemorations in Barcelona of the end of the Siege of Barcelona (1713-1714), and in collaboration with Guillem Hernández Pongiluppi, he presented an ambitious iconographic proposal around the siege of Barcelona in 1713-1714 and the battle of 11 September. He has also collaborated with various artists (John ...
After the panel’s report was released in 2008, then-World Bank Group President Robert Zoellick called the bank’s actions “appalling.” Zoellick vowed that the institution would swiftly “strengthen oversight, improve procedures and help the families who had their buildings demolished.” “The bank cannot let this happen again,” he said.