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Hydrocodone is a highly selective full agonist of the μ-opioid receptor (MOR). [19] [45] [40] This is the main biological target of the endogenous opioid neuropeptide β-endorphin. [46] Hydrocodone has low affinity for the δ-opioid receptor (DOR) and the κ-opioid receptor (KOR), where it is an agonist similarly. [40]
Equianalgesic. An equianalgesic chart is a conversion chart that lists equivalent doses of analgesics (drugs used to relieve pain). Equianalgesic charts are used for calculation of an equivalent dose (a dose which would offer an equal amount of analgesia) between different analgesics. [1] Tables of this general type are also available for ...
Hydrocodone: Respiratory depression, extreme somnolence progressing towards coma, muscle limpness, cold and clammy skin, slow heart rate, low blood pressure, abrupt loss of heart function, and death may occur.
A 2015 systematic review and meta-analysis found that opioid therapy suppressed testosterone levels in men by about 165 ng/dL (5.7 nmol/L) on average, which was a reduction in testosterone level of almost 50%. [132] Conversely, opioid therapy did not significantly affect testosterone levels in women. [132]
The two active components of the drug, ibuprofen and hydrocodone, do not affect each other's absorption characteristics or other pharmacokinetic parameters. [1] After an oral dose, the peak level of hydrocodone in the blood is reached 1.7 hours after administration. [1] The blood levels of ibuprofen peak 1.8 hours after oral administration. [1]
[1] [2] It contains hydrocodone, as the bitartrate, an opioid agonist; and homatropine, as the methylbromide, a muscarinic antagonist. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is taken by mouth . [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
Most reviews conclude that opioids produce minimal impairment of human performance on tests of sensory, motor, or attentional abilities. However, recent studies have been able to show some impairments caused by morphine, which is not surprising, given that morphine is a central nervous system depressant .
Dihydrocodeine is the parent drug of a series of moderately strong narcotics including, among others, hydrocodone, nicocodeine, nicodicodeine, thebaine and acetyldihydrocodeine. Whereas converting codeine to morphine is a difficult and unrewarding task, dihydrocodeine can be converted to dihydromorphine with very high yields (over 95% ...