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Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (/ ˌ f aɪ b r oʊ d ɪ ˈ s p l eɪ ʒ (i) ə ɒ ˈ s ɪ f ɪ k æ n z p r ə ˈ ɡ r ɛ s ɪ v ə /; [1] abbr. FOP), also called Münchmeyer disease or formerly myositis ossificans progressiva, is an extremely rare connective tissue disease in which fibrous connective tissue such as muscle, tendons, and ligaments turn into bone tissue (ossification).
The second condition, myositis ossificans progressiva (also referred to as fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva) is an inherited affliction, autosomal dominant pattern, in which the ossification can occur without injury, and typically grows in a predictable pattern.
Fibrous dysplasia is a very rare [2] nonhereditary genetic disorder where normal bone and marrow is replaced with fibrous tissue, resulting in formation of bone that is weak and prone to expansion. As a result, most complications result from fracture , deformity, functional impairment, pain, and the impingement of nerves. [ 3 ]
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva, an extremely rare genetic disease which causes fibrous tissue (muscle, tendon, ligament etc.) to ossify when damaged Primrose syndrome , a rare genetic disease in which cartilage becomes ossified.
In 2006, Shore and Kaplan published their findings on the genetic mutation that causes FOP [5] as a paper entitled "A recurrent mutation in the BMP type I receptor ACVR1 causes inherited and sporadic fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva". [6] The cause of the disease was traced to a single mutation in the activin A receptor, type I gene. [5]
While knockout models with this gene are in progress, the ACVR1 gene has been connected to fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva, an extremely rare progressive genetic disease characterized by heterotopic ossification of muscles, tendons, and ligaments. [7] It is a bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type 1.
The presence of neurofibrillary tangles in the brain is one of the key hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease. These irregular clumps of protein are closely associated with disease progression.
Harry Raymond Eastlack, Jr. (17 November 1933 – 11 November 1973) was the subject of the most recognized case of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) from the 20th century. His case is also particularly acknowledged, by scientists and researchers, for his contribution to medical advancement.