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Stapedectomy is a surgical procedure in which the stapes bone is removed from the middle ear and replaced with a prosthesis. If the stapes footplate is fixed in position, rather than being normally mobile, the result is a conductive hearing loss .
A stapedectomy consists of removing a portion of the sclerotic stapes footplate and replacing it with a middle ear implant that is secured to the incus. This procedure restores continuity of ossicular movement and allows transmission of sound waves from the eardrum to the inner ear.
At least 314 per 1000 people older than age 65 have hearing loss. Several risk factors for sensorineural hearing loss have been studied over the past decade. Osteoporosis, stapedectomy surgery, pneumococcal vaccinations, mobile phone users, and hyperbilirubinemia at birth are among some of the known risk factors.
Sound streams arriving from the left or right (the horizontal plane) are localised primarily by the small time differences of the same sound arriving at the two ears. A sound straight in front of the head is heard at the same time by both ears. A sound to the side of the head is heard approximately 0.0005 seconds later by the ear furthest away.
If one ear has normal thresholds while the other has sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), diplacusis may be present, as much as 15–20% (for example 200 Hz one ear => 240 Hz in the other). [citation needed] The pitch may be difficult to match because the SNHL ear hears the sound "fuzzy". Bilateral SNHL gives less diplacusis, but pitch ...
Hyperacusis is an increased sensitivity to sound and a low tolerance for environmental noise. Definitions of hyperacusis can vary significantly; it often revolves around damage to or dysfunction of the stapes bone, stapedius muscle or tensor tympani ().
Modern over-the-ear headphones offer incredible sound and impressive noise-cancelling, often for a surprisingly low price. (Photos: 1More, Soundcore, Sony)
Auditory processing disorder (APD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting the way the brain processes sounds. [2] Individuals with APD usually have normal structure and function of the ear, but cannot process the information they hear in the same way as others do, which leads to difficulties in recognizing and interpreting sounds, especially the sounds composing speech.