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Berkeley sockets originated with the 4.2BSD Unix operating system, released in 1983, as a programming interface.Not until 1989, however, could the University of California, Berkeley release versions of the operating system and networking library free from the licensing constraints of AT&T Corporation's proprietary Unix.
Internet socket APIs are usually based on the Berkeley sockets standard. In the Berkeley sockets standard, sockets are a form of file descriptor, due to the Unix philosophy that "everything is a file", and the analogies between sockets and files. Both have functions to read, write, open, and close.
However, it was clear at least since the early 1990s that the Berkeley Socket interface would ultimately prevail. [4] TLI and XTI are still supported in SVR4-derived operating systems and operating systems conforming to branded UNIX (UNIX 95, UNIX 98 and UNIX 03 Single UNIX Specifications) such as Solaris and AIX (as well as the classic Mac OS ...
In other words, the sockets library uses type punning to implement a rudimentary form of polymorphism or inheritance. Often seen in the programming world is the use of "padded" data structures to allow for the storage of different kinds of values in what is effectively the same storage space.
Berkeley's Unix was the first Unix to include libraries supporting the Internet Protocol stacks: Berkeley sockets. A Unix implementation of IP's predecessor, the ARPAnet's NCP, with FTP and Telnet clients, had been produced at the University of Illinois in 1975, and was available at Berkeley.
In 2000, Dan Hettena at UC Berkeley ported Nachos to Java as Nachos 5.0j, in an effort to make Nachos more portable, more accessible to undergraduates, and less susceptible to subtle bugs in student code that had in earlier versions often dominated student project development time.
This port added the putmsg, getmsg, and poll system calls, which are nearly equivalent in purpose to the send, recv, and select calls from Berkeley sockets. The putmsg and getmsg system calls were originally called send and recv , [ 5 ] but were renamed to avoid namespace conflict. [ 6 ]
After instantiating a new socket, the server binds the socket to an address. For a Unix domain socket, the address is a /path/filename.. Because the socket address may be either a /path/filename or an IP_address:Port_number, the socket application programming interface requires the address to first be set into a structure.