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The adoption of evidence-based treatments have been slow. [28] Instead, many addiction counselors were tied to a twelve-step model with less research support. The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), a federally funded organisation aiding scientific research into addiction, has supported CRAFT intervention techniques among others. [29]
In general medicine and psychiatry, recovery has long been used to refer to the end of a particular experience or episode of illness.The broader concept of "recovery" as a general philosophy and model was first popularized in regard to recovery from substance abuse/drug addiction, for example within twelve-step programs or the California Sober method.
SMART Recovery is based on scientific knowledge and is intended to evolve as scientific knowledge evolves. [4] The program uses principles of motivational interviewing, found in motivational enhancement therapy (MET), [5] and techniques taken from rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT), and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), as well as scientifically validated research on treatment. [6]
Although therapist fidelity to an evidence-based treatment manual is believed to predict treatment outcome, this relationship has been difficult to prove. [20] A 2017 study found that higher ongoing fidelity (model competence) ratings of 91 A-CRA therapists' clinical sessions predicted improved adolescent substance use outcomes. [21]
Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), is showing evidence that it is effective in treating substance use, including the treatment of polysubstance use disorder and tobacco smoking. [ 67 ] [ 68 ] Mindfulness programs that encourage patients to be aware of their own experiences in the present moment and of emotions that arise from thoughts ...
Where abstinent only models treat any post-quit drink as a treatment failure which occur due to a lack of skills, the GSC approach assumes that most people have the skills and resources to achieve a successful outcome (as defined by the client) and the goal of treatment is to mobilize those skills. According to the Sobells: [11]
The intervention has produced one or more positive behavioral outcomes (p ≤ .05) in mental health, mental disorders, substance abuse, or substance use disorders use among individuals, communities, or populations. Evidence of these outcomes has been demonstrated in at least one study using an experimental or quasi-experimental design.
Therapeutic community is a participative, group-based approach to long-term mental illness, personality disorders and drug addiction.The approach was usually residential, with the clients and therapists living together, but increasingly residential units have been superseded by day units.