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However, even languages with flexible word order have a preferred or basic word order, [1] with other word orders considered "marked". [2] Constituent word order is defined in terms of a finite verb (V) in combination with two arguments, namely the subject (S), and object (O).
In linguistic typology, object–subject (OS) word order, also called O-before-S or patient–agent word order, is a word order in which the object appears before the subject. OS is notable for its statistical rarity as a default or predominant word order among natural languages . [ 1 ]
pineapple nota I apa fetch anana nota apa pineapple I fetch I fetch a pineapple British Sign Language (BSL) normally uses topic–comment structure, but its default word order when topic–comment structure is not used is OSV. Marked word order This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged ...
Tamil being a strongly head-final language, the basic word-order is SOV. However, since it is highly inflected, word order is flexible and is used for pragmatic purposes. That is, fronting a word in a sentence adds emphasis on it; for instance, a VSO order would indicate greater emphasis on the verb, the action, than on the subject or the object.
Languages may be classified according to the dominant sequence of these elements in unmarked sentences (i.e., sentences in which an unusual word order is not used for emphasis). English is included in this group. An example is "Sam ate apples." SVO is the second-most common order by number of known languages, after SOV.
In languages with V2 word order, such as most Germanic languages except for Modern English, as well as Ingush and Oʼodham, the verb is always the second element in a main clause. The subject precedes the verb by default, but if another word or phrase is put at the front of the clause, the subject is moved to the position immediately after the ...
Many verb-initial languages exhibit a flexible word order (such as St’át’imcets, Chamorro, and Tongan), alternating between VOS and VSO. [4] VOS and VSO are usually classified as verb-initial because they share many similar properties, such as the absence of the verb "have" and predicate -initial grammar.
In the last example, it is highly unlikely that fish is the subject and so that word order can be used. In some languages, auxiliary rules of word order can provide enough disambiguation for an emphatic use of OVS. For example, declarative statements in Danish are ordinarily SVnO, with "n" being is the position of negating or modal adverbs ...