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Jamaican vomiting sickness, also known as toxic hypoglycemic syndrome (THS), [1] acute ackee fruit intoxication, [2] or ackee poisoning, [1] is an acute illness caused by the toxins hypoglycin A and hypoglycin B, which are present in fruit of the ackee tree.
There are over 100 names for this fruit across different regions, including great morinda, Indian mulberry, noni, beach mulberry, vomit fruit, awl tree, and rotten cheese fruit. [ 5 ] The pungent odour of the fresh fruit has made it a famine food in most regions, but it remains a staple food among some cultures and is used in traditional medicine.
Potentiates CNS sedatives, [3] chronic use might cause a reversible dry skin condition. [18] Khat: qat Catha edulis: Chronic liver dysfunction [3] [19] Kratom: Mitragyna speciosa: Hepatotoxicity [20] [19] Liquorice root Glycyrrhiza glabra: Hypokalemia, hypertension, arrhythmias, edema [5] Lobelia: asthma weed, pukeweed, vomit wort Lobelia inflata
The vomiting act encompasses three types of outputs initiated by the chemoreceptor trigger zone: Motor, parasympathetic nervous system (PNS), and sympathetic nervous system (SNS). They are as follows: Increased salivation to protect tooth enamel from stomach acids. [12] (Excessive vomiting leads to dental erosion.) This is part of the PNS output.
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Strychnos nux-vomica, the strychnine tree, [2] also known as nux vomica, poison fruit, semen strychnos, and quaker buttons, is a deciduous tree native to India and to southeast Asia. It is a medium-sized tree in the family Loganiaceae that grows in open habitats. Its leaves are ovate and 5–9 centimetres (2–3.5 in) in size. [3]
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Historically, the ceremonial consumption often included vomiting, and Europeans deduced that yaupon caused it (hence the Latin name - Ilex vomitoria). [12] The active ingredients, like those of the related yerba mate and guayusa plants, are caffeine , theobromine , and theophylline ; [ 13 ] [ 14 ] the vomiting may have resulted from the great ...