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A refrain (from Vulgar Latin refringere, "to repeat", and later from Old French refraindre) is the line or lines that are repeated in music or in poetry—the "chorus" of a song. Poetic fixed forms that feature refrains include the villanelle , the virelay , and the sestina .
For example, refrains are found in the Beatles' "She Loves You" ("yeah, yeah, yeah"), AC/DC's "You Shook Me All Night Long", Simon & Garfunkel's "The Sound of Silence", and "Deck the Halls" ("fa la la la la"). [10] The chorus or refrain is the element of the song that repeats at least once both musically and lyrically.
The villanelle is an example of a fixed verse form. The word derives from Latin , then Italian , and is related to the initial subject of the form being the pastoral . The form started as a simple ballad -like song with no fixed form; this fixed quality would only come much later, from the poem "Villanelle (J'ay perdu ma Tourterelle)" (1606) by ...
Title page of Franz Rigler's "Three Rondos" (1790) First page of the manuscript for Mozart's Adagio and Rondo for glass harmonica, flute, oboe, viola and cello. The rondo is a musical form that contains a principal theme (sometimes called the "refrain") which alternates with one or more contrasting themes, generally called "episodes", but also occasionally referred to as "digressions" or ...
"Das Wandern", the opening song in Franz Schubert's song cycle Die schöne Müllerin, an example of a strophic song. Strophic form – also called verse-repeating form, chorus form, AAA song form, or one-part song form – is a song structure in which all verses or stanzas of the text are sung to the same music. [1]
Verse–chorus form is a musical form going back to the 1840s, in such songs as "Oh! Susanna", "The Daring Young Man on the Flying Trapeze", and many others. [1] [2] It became passé in the early 1900s, with advent of the AABA (with verse) form in the Tin Pan Alley days.
"Over the Rainbow" (Arlen/Harburg) exemplifies the 20th-century popular 32-bar song. [1]The 32-bar form, also known as the AABA song form, American popular song form and the ballad form, is a song structure commonly found in Tin Pan Alley songs and other American popular music, especially in the first half of the 20th century.
Some ballades have five stanzas. A seven-line ballade, or ballade royal, consists of four stanzas of rhyme royal, all using the same three rhymes, all ending in a refrain, without an envoi. A ballade supreme has ten-line stanzas rhyming ababbccdcD, with the envoi ccdcD or ccdccD. An example is Ballade des Pendus by François Villon. There are ...