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An example is Talaromyces marneffei, [3] a human pathogen that grows as a mold at room temperature, and as a yeast at human body temperature. The term dimorphic is commonly used for fungi that can grow both as yeast and filamentous cells, however many of these dimorphic fungi actually can grow in more than these two forms. Dimorphic is thus ...
The fungus can grow in a range of environmental conditions; it can grow at temperatures ranging from 6 to 47 °C. [12] As a mesophile, [13] its optimal temperature range is 35-37 °C. [11] It can tolerate pH ranging from 1.5 to 9.8. [12] A. niger is xerophilic, meaning it can grow and reproduce in environments with very little water.
Yeasts have been used since ancient times to leaven bread and to ferment beer and wine. [2] More recently, fungi have been used for a wide variety of industrial fermentations, whether working directly for their effects on materials such as processing paper pulp or bioremediating industrial waste, or serving as the source of enzymes for many purposes, such as fading and softening denim for ...
The use of fungi in bioterrorism dates back to 600 B.C., when the Assyrians used the rye ergot fungus (claviceps purpurea) to contaminate enemy wells. [8] Currently, the fungi that have the greatest risk to the public are a specific set of molds that create a range of different mycotoxins, depending on the species. [ 9 ]
The ring shape of dermatophyte lesions result from outward growth of the fungi. [3] The fungi spread in a centrifugal pattern in the stratum corneum, which is the outermost keratinized layer of the skin. [3] For nail infections, the growth initiates through the lateral or superficial nail plates, then continues throughout the nail. [3]
Fungi are everywhere, but only some cause disease. [13] Fungal infection occurs after spores are either breathed in, come into contact with skin or enter the body through the skin such as via a cut, wound or injection. [3] It is more likely to occur in people with a weak immune system. [14]
Minimum a w (water activity) required for growth is inversely correlated with temperature – in other words higher temperatures permit lower a w. This is known to range from a w 0.78 at 33 °C (91 °F) to 0.84 at 25 °C (77 °F). Gibson et al 1994 provides a model relating expected growth rate to a w x temperature parameters. [15]
Pathogenic fungi are fungi that cause disease in humans or other organisms. Although fungi are eukaryotic , many pathogenic fungi are microorganisms . [ 1 ] Approximately 300 fungi are known to be pathogenic to humans; [ 2 ] their study is called " medical mycology ".