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Division of Powers Institutions (in English) Institutions (in Indonesian) Roles Executive President and Vice President: Presiden dan Wakil Presiden: Heads of government
On 30 March 2021, President Joko Widodo submitted a Presidential Letter to People's Representative Council, which contained a proposal for major changes in the national cabinet, one of which was the merger of the Ministry of Research and Technology and the Ministry of Education and Culture into one ministry named the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology.
The Constitution also notes that there are two types of education in Indonesia: formal and non-formal. Formal education is further divided into three levels: primary, secondary and tertiary education. Schools in Indonesia are run either by the government (negeri) or private sectors (swasta).
Non-structural institutions can be classified based on how they were established, their sources of funding, and whether they have regional representation or not. The types are as follows: [4] [5] 1. Legal Basis of Formation: Laws (Undang-Undang): Formed directly through legislation passed by the Indonesian Parliament
Perusahaan Perseroan Pemerintah which are enterprises whose ownership are 100% government-owned. Until 2003, there was also another type of SOE called Perusahaan Jawatan (Perjan/PJ) (lit. ' service company ') which had operational costs funded from the national budget.
The peci or songkok is the national formal head-dress worn by men all over Indonesia, usually worn by government officials. Men's head-dress are usually made of traditional fabrics, while women's head-dress often consists of metal jewelries sometimes decorated with floral arrangements. Examples of different head-dress across the country are:
The Ministry of Education and Culture (Indonesian: Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, abbreviated as Kemendikbud) was a government ministry which organises early childhood education, elementary education, secondary education and community education affairs and the management of culture within the Indonesian government.
Non-ministerial government body (Indonesian: Lembaga Pemerintah Nonkementerian, LPNK), was known as Non-departmental government body (Indonesian: Lembaga Pemerintah Nondepartemen, LPND), is Indonesian state body for specific government task from the President. Chief of LPNK is directly responsible to the President or relevant minister.