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However, repeated exposure to hallucinogens leads to rapid tolerance, likely through down-regulation of these receptors in specific target cells. [1] Research suggests that hallucinogens affect many of these receptor sites around the brain and that through these interactions, hallucinogenic substances may be capable of inducing positive ...
In 1943, Albert Hofmann discovered the hallucinogenic effects of LSD that led to an altered state of consciousness. [5] [6]In 1947, Gion Condrau and Arthur Stoll [5] [7] [8] [9] [6] observed that people diagnosed as "psychotics" had a stronger tolerance for LSD and that the effects of the drug were similar to the symptoms expressed by psychotics themselves.
LSD, mescaline, and psilocybin cause their effects by initially disrupting the interaction of nerve cells and the neurotransmitter serotonin. [71] It is distributed throughout the brain and spinal cord, where the serotonin system is involved with controlling of the behavioral, perceptual, and regulatory systems.
One effect of 5-HT 2A receptor activation is a reduction in intraocular pressure, and so 5-HT 2A agonists can be useful for the treatment of glaucoma. This has led to the development of compounds such as AL-34662 that are hoped to reduce pressure inside the eyes but without crossing the blood–brain barrier and producing hallucinogenic side ...
The serotonin 5-HT 1A receptor partial agonist buspirone has been found to markedly reduce the hallucinogenic effects of psilocybin in humans. [149] [153] [154] Conversely, the serotonin 5-HT 1A receptor antagonist pindolol has been found to potentiate the hallucinogenic effects of DMT by 2- to 3-fold in humans.
Among the unexpected findings were psilocybin and psilocin, the two active and illegal components of psychedelic mushrooms
This study attempted to solve 44 different problems and had 40 satisfactory solutions when the FDA banned all research into psychedelics. LSD was a key component of this study. [256] [257] Since 2008 there has been ongoing research into using LSD to alleviate anxiety for terminally ill cancer patients coping with their impending deaths. [37 ...
Richard A. Glennon is an American medicinal chemist who studies psychedelics, stimulants, entactogens, and other psychoactive drugs. [1] [2] [3] He has been an important pioneer of the use of animal drug discrimination tests in scientific research for studying psychoactive drugs like hallucinogens.