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Because H 2 is the lightest element, atmospheric H 2 can readily be lost to space via Jeans escape, an irreversible process that drives Earth's net mass loss. [7] Photolysis of heavier compounds not prone to escape, such as CH 4 or H 2 O, can also liberate H 2 from the upper atmosphere and contribute to this process.
Interest is high in this technology because H 2 is a clean fuel and can be readily produced from certain kinds of biomass, [2] including biological waste. [3] Furthermore some photosynthetic microorganisms are capable to produce H 2 directly from water splitting using light as energy source.
Modelling suggests that enough natural hydrogen exists to meet humanity's demand for hydrogen for thousands of years, however most of this cannot be extracted economically. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] Natural hydrogen has been identified in many source rocks in areas beyond the sedimentary basins where oil companies typically operate.
Hydrogen can be used in fuel cells to produce electricity, or burned to generate heat. [153] When hydrogen is consumed in fuel cells, the only emission at the point of use is water vapour. [153] When burned, hydrogen produces relatively little pollution at the point of combustion, but can lead to thermal formation of harmful nitrogen oxides. [153]
Dihydrogen monoxide is a name for the water molecule, which comprises two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom (H 2 O).. The dihydrogen monoxide parody is a parody that involves referring to water by its unfamiliar chemical systematic name "dihydrogen monoxide" (DHMO, or the chemical formula H 2 O) and describing some properties of water in a particularly concerning manner — such as the ...
High pressure electrolysis is the electrolysis of water by decomposition of water (H 2 O) into oxygen (O 2) and hydrogen gas (H 2) by means of an electric current being passed through the water. The difference with a standard electrolyzer is the compressed hydrogen output around 120–200 bar (1740–2900 psi , 12–20 MPa ). [ 146 ]
Environmental chemistry is used by the Environment Agency in England, Natural Resources Wales, the United States Environmental Protection Agency, the Association of Public Analysts, and other environmental agencies and research bodies around the world to detect and identify the nature and source of pollutants. These can include:
Concentrated solar power can achieve the high temperatures necessary to split water. Hydrosol-2 is a 100-kilowatt pilot plant at the Plataforma Solar de Almería in Spain which uses sunlight to obtain the required 800 to 1,200 °C (1,070 to 1,470 K; 1,470 to 2,190 °F) to split water. Hydrosol II has been in operation since 2008.