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A housing affordability index (HAI) is an index that measures housing affordability, usually the degree to which the median person or family in a particular country or region can afford housing/housing-related costs. [1] [2] [3] Housing affordability is one contribution to the cost of living in an area; measured by the cost-of-living index. [3]
The Marshall-Edgeworth index, credited to Marshall (1887) and Edgeworth (1925), [11] is a weighted relative of current period to base period sets of prices. This index uses the arithmetic average of the current and based period quantities for weighting. It is considered a pseudo-superlative formula and is symmetric. [12]
U.S. states and D.C. by median home price, February 2024 (in February 2024 dollars) [1] State rank State or territory Median home price in US$ 1 Hawaii: $839,013 2 California: $765,197 — District of Columbia: $610,548 3 Massachusetts: $596,410 4 Washington: $575,894 5 Colorado: $539,151 6 Utah: $509,433 7 New Jersey: $503,432 8 Oregon: $487,244 9
In the United States [21] and Canada, [22] a commonly accepted guideline for housing affordability is a housing cost, including utilities, that does not exceed 30% of a household's gross income. [23] Some definitions include maintenance costs as part of housing costs. [24] Canada, for example, switched to a 25% rule from a 20% rule in the 1950s.
A house price index (HPI) measures the price changes of residential housing as a percentage change from some specific start date (which has an HPI of 100). Methodologies commonly used to calculate an HPI are hedonic regression (HR), simple moving average (SMA), and repeat-sales regression (RSR).
Price level indexes (PLIs), with the world average set at 100, are calculated by dividing the purchasing power parities (PPPs), where 1 PPP equals 1 US dollar in the US, by the market exchange rates, also equated to 1 US dollar. These ratios are then adjusted to align with the global average, which is standardized at 100.
Construction cost estimating software is computer software designed for contractors to estimate construction costs for a specific project. A cost estimator will typically use estimating software to estimate their bid price for a project, which will ultimately become part of a resulting construction contract.
The Median house price to income ratio was the primary indicator H1 of the 1991 World Bank/UNCHS Housing Indicator system. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It was subsequently used as a measure of affordability by the UN Commission for Sustainable Development, the National Association of Realtors , State of the Environment 2003 Tasmania, and the Mortgage Guide UK.