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Hicksian demand functions are often convenient for mathematical manipulation because they do not require representing income or wealth. Additionally, the function to be minimized is linear in the , which gives a simpler optimization problem.
It also forms the basis for the Peano axioms for formalizing arithmetic within mathematical logic. A form of unary notation called Church encoding is used to represent numbers within lambda calculus. Some email spam filters tag messages with a number of asterisks in an e-mail header such as X-Spam-Bar or X-SPAM-LEVEL. The larger the number, the ...
Hexadecimal (also known as base-16 or simply hex) is a positional numeral system that represents numbers using a radix (base) of sixteen. Unlike the decimal system representing numbers using ten symbols, hexadecimal uses sixteen distinct symbols, most often the symbols "0"–"9" to represent values 0 to 9 and "A"–"F" to represent values from ten to fifteen.
In mathematics, a basis function is an element of a particular basis for a function space. Every function in the function space can be represented as a linear combination of basis functions, just as every vector in a vector space can be represented as a linear combination of basis vectors .
A radial function is a function : [,).When paired with a norm on a vector space ‖ ‖: [,), a function of the form = (‖ ‖) is said to be a radial kernel centered at .A radial function and the associated radial kernels are said to be radial basis functions if, for any finite set of nodes {} =, all of the following conditions are true:
In theoretical and computational chemistry, a basis set is a set of functions (called basis functions) that is used to represent the electronic wave function in the Hartree–Fock method or density-functional theory in order to turn the partial differential equations of the model into algebraic equations suitable for efficient implementation on a computer.
The concept of orthogonality may be extended to a vector space over any field of characteristic not 2 equipped with a quadratic form .Starting from the observation that, when the characteristic of the underlying field is not 2, the associated symmetric bilinear form , = ((+) ()) allows vectors and to be defined as being orthogonal with respect to when (+) () = .
The exact origins of the LTE lemma are unclear; the result, with its present name and form, has only come into focus within the last 10 to 20 years. [1] However, several key ideas used in its proof were known to Gauss and referenced in his Disquisitiones Arithmeticae. [2]