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A tone is produced either by mixing a color with gray, or by both tinting and shading. [1] Mixing a color with any neutral color (black, gray, and white) reduces the chroma , or colorfulness , while the perceived hue can be affected slightly (see Abney effect and Bezold-Brücke shift ).
Tone in an artistic context refers to the light and dark values used to render a realistic object, or to create an abstract composition. When using pastel , an artist may often use a colored paper support, using areas of pigment to define lights and darks, while leaving the bare support to show through as the mid-tone.
The element of value is compatible with the term luminosity, and can be "measured in various units designating electromagnetic radiation". [6] The difference in values is often called contrast , and references the lightest (white) and darkest (black) tones of a work of art, with an infinite number of grey variants in between. [ 6 ]
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Fig. 1. HSL (a–d) and HSV (e–h). Above (a, e): cut-away 3D models of each. Below: two-dimensional plots showing two of a model's three parameters at once, holding the other constant: cylindrical shells (b, f) of constant saturation, in this case the outside surface of each cylinder; horizontal cross-sections (c, g) of constant HSL lightness or HSV value, in this case the slices halfway ...
Colors also have value; for example, yellow has a high value while blue and red have a low value. If you take a black and white picture of a colorful scene, all you are left with are the values. This important element of design, especially in painting and drawing, allows the artist to create the illusion of light through value contrast. [6]
For example Munsell value 0 is pure black, and value 10 is pure white. Colors with a discernible hue must therefore have values in between these extremes. In a subtractive color model (e.g. paint, dye, or ink) lightness changes to a color through various tints, shades, or tones can be achieved by adding white, black, or grey respectively.
Crystal Gradation by Paul Klee, watercolour, 1921.. In the visual arts, gradation is the technique of gradually transitioning from one hue to another, or from one shade to another, or one texture to another.