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The mind and behavior of non-human animals has captivated the human imagination for centuries. Many writers, such as Descartes, have speculated about the presence or absence of the animal mind. [7] These speculations led to many observations of animal behavior before modern science and testing were available.
Food caching behavior displayed in some birds and mammals is an example of a behavior that may have co-evolved with higher cognitive processes. This ability to store food for later consumption allows these animals to take advantage of temporary surpluses in food availability. [20]
Pigs can remember which humans and pigs they like and act accordingly. They differentiate humans, even people dressed alike, by recognizing human faces, and can also tell apart humans by their olfaction and hearing. [1] Pigs have shown to fear stranger humans but lose the fear after the person played with the pigs with toys. [14]
Chimpanzees are also near the top of the cognitive food chain as observed by the brilliant Jane Goodall, who conducted the first detailed studies of these animals in the wild over decades.
The great apes (Hominidae) show some cognitive and empathic abilities. Chimpanzees can make tools and use them to acquire foods and for social displays; they have mildly complex hunting strategies requiring cooperation, influence and rank; they are status conscious, manipulative and capable of deception; they can learn to use symbols and understand aspects of human language including some ...
Humans in this same contest managed a success rate of just sixty-seven percent." The study was also filmed to ensure its accuracy. [61] A study on Discovery News found that elephants, during an intelligence test employing food rewards, had found shortcuts that not even the experiment's researchers had thought of. [8]
A recent paper from a Microsoft research team argues that OpenAI's GPT-4 shows signs of human reasoning—a massive step toward Artificial General Intelligence.
Using human gaze to find food hidden under opaque bowl No Call et al., 1998 Using human gaze to find food hidden in tube open to human Yes Call et al., 1998 Remembering what human had seen and inferring target of attention Yes Yes MacLean & Hare, 2012 Attribution to Intention Helping humans retrieve objects when reaching Yes