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Female cones of C. equisetifolia. Casuarina, also known as she-oak, Australian pine [3] [4] [5] and native pine, [6] is a genus of flowering plants in the family Casuarinaceae, and is native to Australia, the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, islands of the western Pacific Ocean, and eastern Africa.
This species of Casuarina is monoecious with male and female flowers produced on the same tree, unlike most other species of its same genus which are dioecious. [7] Its male and female inflorescences are both shaped like catkins. [6]
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Male and female flowers are arranged in spikes, the female spikes developing into cone-like structures enclosing winged seeds. The genera Allocasuarina and Casuarina are similar, and many formerly in the latter now included in Allocasuarina.
Female cones are shortly cylindrical and covered with soft hair when young, the mature cones 15–40 mm (0.6–2 in) long and 15–22 mm (0.6–0.9 in) in diameter, the samaras 10 mm (0.4 in) long. Flowering occurs from May to October.
Male flowers of subsp. cunninghamiana Immature female cones Casuarina cunninghamiana, commonly known as river oak, river sheoak [2] or creek oak, [3] is a species of flowering plant in the family Casuarinaceae and is native to Australia and New Guinea.
Casuarina obesa is a dioecious shrub or small tree that typically grows to a height of 3–15 m (9.8–49.2 ft) and has corky, deeply fissured bark. The branchlets are drooping or spreading to erect, up to 300 mm (12 in) long, the leaves reduced to scale-like teeth 0.3–1 mm (0.012–0.039 in) long, arranged in whorls of 12 to 16 around the branchlets and erect on new shoots.
Male flowers are arranged in spikes 12–40 mm (0.47–1.57 in) long in whorls of 7 to 10 per centimetre (per 0.4 inch) and the anthers about 0.8 mm (0.031 in) long. The female cones are on a peduncle 3–12 mm (0.12–0.47 in) long and sparsely covered with soft, white to rust-coloured hairs when young.