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Beamforming or spatial filtering is a signal processing technique used in sensor arrays for directional signal transmission or reception. [1] This is achieved by combining elements in an antenna array in such a way that signals at particular angles experience constructive interference while others experience destructive interference.
An application of AoA is in the geolocation of cell phones.The aim is either for the cell system to report the location of a cell phone placing an emergency call or to provide a service to tell the user of the cell phone where they are.
The sonar's resolution is angular; objects further apart are imaged with lower resolutions than nearby ones. Another source lists ranges and resolutions vs frequencies for sidescan sonars. 30 kHz provides low resolution with range of 1000–6000 m, 100 kHz gives medium resolution at 500–1000 m, 300 kHz gives high resolution at 150–500 m ...
the now defunct Qualcomm/3GPP2 Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) project, intended as a successor of CDMA2000, but replaced by LTE. OFDMA is also a candidate access method for the IEEE 802.22 Wireless Regional Area Networks (WRAN). The project aims at designing the first cognitive radio-based standard operating in the VHF-low UHF spectrum (TV spectrum).
The wireless revolution has been driven by advances in radio frequency (RF), microelectronics, and microwave engineering, [12] and the transition from analog to digital RF technology, [15] [16] which enabled a substantial increase in voice traffic along with the delivery of digital data such as text messaging, images and streaming media.
Lidar (/ ˈ l aɪ d ɑːr /, also LIDAR, an acronym of "light detection and ranging" [1] or "laser imaging, detection, and ranging" [2]) is a method for determining ranges by targeting an object or a surface with a laser and measuring the time for the reflected light to return to the receiver.
As of 2019, over 3.05 billion Wi-Fi-enabled devices are shipped globally each year. [7] Wi-Fi uses multiple parts of the IEEE 802 protocol family and is designed to work well with its wired sibling, Ethernet. Compatible devices can network through wireless access points with each other as well as with wired devices and the Internet.