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The Russian alphabet (ру́сский алфави́т, russkiy alfavit, [ a ] or ру́сская а́збука, russkaya azbuka, [ b ] more traditionally) is the script used to write the Russian language. It is derived from the Cyrillic script, which was modified in the 9th century to capture accurately the phonology of the first Slavic ...
Although occasionally praised by the Russian working class, the reform was unpopular amongst the educated people, religious leaders and many prominent writers, many of whom were oppositional to the new state. [3] Furthermore, even the workers ridiculed the spelling reform at first, arguing it made the Russian language poorer and less elegant. [4]
The Russian spelling alphabet is a spelling alphabet (or "phonetic alphabet") for Russian, i.e. a set of names given to the alphabet letters for the purpose of unambiguous verbal spelling. It is used primarily by the Russian army, navy and the police. The large majority of the identifiers are common individual first names, with a handful of ...
Most descriptions of Russian describe it as having five vowel phonemes, though there is some dispute over whether a sixth vowel, / ɨ /, is separate from /i/. Russian has 34 consonants, which can be divided into two types: hard (твёрдый [ˈtvʲordɨj] ⓘ) or plain. soft (мягкий [ˈmʲæxʲkʲɪj] ⓘ) or palatalized.
А̄ а̄. A with macron. Kildin Sami, Khanty, Bulgarian (not individual letter, used in Dialects), Serbian (not individual letter, used in Dialects) А̃ а̃. A with tilde. Khinalug. А̊ а̊. A with ring above. Selkup.
There are several conventions for phonetic transcription using the Cyrillic script, typically augmented with Latin and Greek to fill in missing sounds. The details vary by author, and depend on which letters are available for the language of the text. For instance, in a work written in Ukrainian, г may be used for [ɣ] (the voiced equivalent ...
For the distinction between [ ], / / and , see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. Russian orthography has been reformed officially and unofficially by changing the Russian alphabet over the course of the history of the Russian language. Several important reforms happened in the 18th–20th centuries.
A ukase written in the 17th-century Russian chancery cursive. The Russian (and Cyrillic in general) cursive was developed during the 18th century on the base of the earlier Cyrillic tachygraphic writing (ско́ропись, skoropis, "rapid or running script"), which in turn was the 14th–17th-century chancery hand of the earlier Cyrillic bookhand scripts (called ustav and poluustav).