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Methotrexate, formerly known as amethopterin, is a chemotherapy agent and immune-system suppressant. [4] It is used to treat cancer , autoimmune diseases , and ectopic pregnancies . [ 4 ] Types of cancers it is used for include breast cancer , leukemia , lung cancer , lymphoma , gestational trophoblastic disease , and osteosarcoma . [ 4 ]
Yellapragada Subbarow [a] (12 January 1895 – 8 August 1948) was an Indian American biochemist who discovered the function of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as an energy source in the cell, [1] developed methotrexate for the treatment of cancer and led the department at Lederle laboratories in which Benjamin Minge Duggar discovered chlortetracycline in 1945.
In physics and engineering, a free body diagram (FBD; also called a force diagram) [1] is a graphical illustration used to visualize the applied forces, moments, and resulting reactions on a free body in a given condition. It depicts a body or connected bodies with all the applied forces and moments, and reactions, which act on the body (ies).
Methotrexate also indirectly inhibits purine synthesis by blocking the metabolism of folic acid (it is an inhibitor of the dihydrofolate reductase). Allopurinol is a drug that inhibits the enzyme xanthine oxidoreductase and, thus, lowers the level of uric acid in the body. This may be useful in the treatment of gout, which is a disease caused ...
Folinic acid, also known as leucovorin, is a medication used to decrease the toxic effects of methotrexate and pyrimethamine. [2][3] It is also used in combination with 5-fluorouracil to treat colorectal cancer and pancreatic cancer, may be used to treat folate deficiency that results in anemia, and methanol poisoning. [3][4] It is taken by ...
A prodrug is a pharmacologically inactive medication or compound that, after intake, is metabolized (i.e., converted within the body) into a pharmacologically active drug. [1][2] Instead of administering a drug directly, a corresponding prodrug can be used to improve how the drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME). [3][4]
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-term autoimmune disorder that primarily affects joints. [1] It typically results in warm, swollen, and painful joints. [1] Pain and stiffness often worsen following rest. [1] Most commonly, the wrist and hands are involved, with the same joints typically involved on both sides of the body. [1]
Antifolate. Antifolates are a class of antimetabolite medications that antagonise (that is, block) the actions of folic acid (vitamin B 9). [1] Folic acid's primary function in the body is as a cofactor to various methyltransferases involved in serine, methionine, thymidine and purine biosynthesis. Consequently, antifolates inhibit cell ...