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The Avignon Papacy and the Crusades (Oxford UP, 1986). Larson, Atria, and Keith Sisson, eds. A Companion to the Medieval Papacy: Growth of an Ideology and Institution (Brill, 2016) online; Moorhead, John. The Popes and the Church of Rome in Late Antiquity (Routledge, 2015) Noble, Thomas F.X. "The Papacy in the Eighth and Ninth Centuries".
Pope Gregory XV (Latin: Gregorius XV; Italian: Gregorio XV; 9 January 1554 – 8 July 1623), born Alessandro Ludovisi, was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 9 February 1621 until his death in 1623.
Date and Place of birth Age at start/ end of papacy Notes — January 1101 – February 1102 (1 year, 31 days) Adalbert ADALBERTVS: Adalberto O.S.B. Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire — Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States, was of Lombard ethnicity. In opposition to Pope Paschal II — 8 November 1105 – 11 ...
In 1310, the Holy Roman Emperor Henry VII entered Italy, established the Visconti as vicars in Milan, and was crowned by Clement V's legates in Rome in 1312 before he died near Siena in 1313. [11] In Ferrara, which was taken into the Papal States to the exclusion of the Este family, papal armies clashed with the Republic of Venice and its populace.
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In 1996, John Paul II in Universi Dominici Gregis fixed the start date of the papal conclave at 15 to 20 days after the papacy becomes vacant. The 2013 conclave was initially expected to start sometime between 15 and 20 March 2013.
NBC pioneered morning television more than 72 years ago when the network debuted its new show, TODAY, in 1952. Since then, the live broadcast program has become a cornerstone of American ...
Christopher, Count de Paus (1862–1943), in the court dress of a papal chamberlain.A Norwegian convert to Catholicism, he was appointed a papal gentleman by Benedict XV in 1921 and created a count by Pius XI in 1923.