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Java: Class java.math.BigInteger (integer), java.math.BigDecimal Class (decimal) JavaScript: as of ES2020, BigInt is supported in most browsers; [2] the gwt-math library provides an interface to java.math.BigDecimal, and libraries such as DecimalJS, BigInt and Crunch support arbitrary-precision integers.
IMSL Numerical Libraries are libraries of numerical analysis functionality implemented in standard programming languages like C, Java, C# .NET, Fortran, and Python. The NAG Library is a collection of mathematical and statistical routines for multiple programming languages (C, C++, Fortran, Visual Basic, Java, Python and C#) and packages (MATLAB ...
In mathematics, the floor function is the function that takes as input a real number x, and gives as output the greatest integer less than or equal to x, denoted ⌊x⌋ or floor(x). Similarly, the ceiling function maps x to the least integer greater than or equal to x, denoted ⌈x⌉ or ceil(x). [1]
Some programming languages such as Lisp, Python, Perl, Haskell, Ruby and Raku use, or have an option to use, arbitrary-precision numbers for all integer arithmetic. Although this reduces performance, it eliminates the possibility of incorrect results (or exceptions) due to simple overflow.
strictfp, an obsolete keyword in the Java programming language that previously restricted arithmetic to IEEE 754 single and double precision to ensure reproducibility across common hardware platforms (as of Java 17, this behavior is required) Table-maker's dilemma for more about the correct rounding of functions; Standard Apple Numerics Environment
Some programming languages (such as Java and Python) use "half up" to refer to round half away from zero rather than round half toward positive infinity. [4] [5] This method only requires checking one digit to determine rounding direction in two's complement and similar representations.
Python provides a round function for rounding a float to the nearest integer. For tie-breaking, Python 3 uses round to even: round(1.5) and round(2.5) both produce 2. [124] Versions before 3 used round-away-from-zero: round(0.5) is 1.0, round(-0.5) is −1.0. [125] Python allows Boolean expressions with multiple equality relations in a manner ...
The range of values allowed for the basic types (except Boolean) is implementation defined. Functions are provided for some data conversions. For conversion of real to integer, the following functions are available: round (which rounds to integer using banker's rounding) and trunc (rounds towards zero).