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In computer networking, Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) is a data link layer (layer 2) communication protocol between two routers directly without any host or any other networking in between. [1] It can provide loop detection, authentication , transmission encryption , [ 2 ] and data compression .
[2] Each frame is separated from the next by an interframe gap. A frame is a series of bits generally composed of frame synchronization bits, the packet payload, and a frame check sequence. Examples are Ethernet frames, Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) frames, Fibre Channel frames, and V.42 modem frames.
The Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) is a network protocol for encapsulating Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) frames inside Ethernet frames. It appeared in 1999, in the context of the boom of DSL as the solution for tunneling packets over the DSL connection to the ISP's IP network, and from there to the rest of the Internet.
L2TP Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol; LLDP Link Layer Discovery Protocol; LLDP-MED Link Layer Discovery Protocol - Media Endpoint Discovery; MAC Media Access Control; Q.710 Simplified Message Transfer Part; Multi-link trunking Protocol; NDP Neighbor Discovery Protocol; PAgP - Cisco Systems proprietary link aggregation protocol; PPP Point-to-Point ...
By far the most popular FCS algorithm is a cyclic redundancy check (CRC), used in Ethernet and other IEEE 802 protocols with 32 bits, in X.25 with 16 or 32 bits, in HDLC with 16 or 32 bits, in Frame Relay with 16 bits, [3] in Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) with 16 or 32 bits, and in other data link layer protocols.
Ethernet II frame, or Ethernet Version 2, [g] or DIX frame is the most common type in use today, as it is often used directly by the Internet Protocol. Novell raw IEEE 802.3 non-standard variation frame; IEEE 802.2 Logical Link Control (LLC) frame; IEEE 802.2 Subnetwork Access Protocol (SNAP) frame
The client signals can be protocol data unit (PDU) oriented (like IP/PPP or Ethernet media access control) or can be block-code oriented (like Fibre Channel). There are two modes of GFP: Generic Framing Procedure - Framed (GFP-F) and Generic Framing Procedure - Transparent (GFP-T): GFP-F maps each client frame into a single GFP frame. GFP-F is ...
High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) is a communication protocol used for transmitting data between devices in telecommunication and networking.Developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), it is defined in the standard ISO/IEC 13239:2002.