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The instrument was invented in the 18th century, and arrived at its present form in 19th-century India. Khusrau Khan, an 18th-century figure of the Mughal Empire has been identified by modern scholarship as the inventor of the sitar. According to most historians, he developed the sitar from the setar, an Iranian instrument of Abbasid or Safavid ...
Although the major entry of the short lute was in western Europe, leading to a variety of lute styles, the short lute entered Europe in the East as well; as early as the 6th century, the Bulgars brought the short-necked variety of the instrument called Komuz to the Balkans. Additionally, the Byzantine Empire bordered on both Europe and Persia.
Medieval maps of the world in Europe were mainly symbolic in form along the lines of the much earlier Babylonian World Map. Known as Mappa Mundi (cloths or charts of the world) these maps were circular or symmetrical cosmological diagrams representing the Earth's single land mass as disk-shaped and surrounded by ocean. [6]
'Amalgamated Map of the Great Ming Empire') world map, likely made in the late 14th or the 15th century, [33] shows China at the centre and Europe, half-way round the globe, depicted very small and horizontally compressed at the edge. The coast of Africa is also mapped from an Indian Ocean perspective, showing the Cape of Good Hope area.
The kingdom was founded by an Iranian dynasty, known as the Ariarathid dynasty (331–96 BC) and was succeeded by another one, the Ariobarzanid dynasty (96–36 BC). The last dynasty, that of Archelaus of Cappadocia (36 BC–17 AD), was of Greek origin. Byzantine Empire (610 AD – 1204 AD; 1261 - 1453): The Greek language had official status ...
The oud (Arabic: عود, romanized: ʿūd, pronounced) [1] [2] [3] is a Middle Eastern short-neck lute-type, pear-shaped, fretless stringed instrument [4] (a chordophone in the Hornbostel–Sachs classification of instruments), usually with 11 strings grouped in six courses, but some models have five or seven courses, with 10 or 13 strings respectively.
It has been speculated that the setar originated in Persia by the 9th century AD [2] A more conservative estimate says "it originated in the 15th century, or even earlier." [ 1 ] Although related to the tanbur , in recent centuries, the setar has evolved so that, musically, it more closely resembles the tar , both in tuning and playing style.
This scale is known as the Pythagorean diatonic and is the scale that Plato adopted in the construction of the world soul in the Timaeus (36a-b). [12] The next notable Pythagorean theorist known today is Archytas, contemporary and friend of Plato, who explained the use of arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means in tuning musical instruments.