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Fraction of inspired oxygen (F I O 2), correctly denoted with a capital I, [1] is the molar or volumetric fraction of oxygen in the inhaled gas. Medical patients experiencing difficulty breathing are provided with oxygen-enriched air, which means a higher-than-atmospheric F I O 2. Natural air includes 21% oxygen, which is equivalent to F I O 2 ...
For example, a number of approaches are being explored for oxygen generation. Polymeric membranes operating at ambient or warm temperatures, for example, may be able to produce oxygen-enriched air (25-50% oxygen). Ceramic membranes can provide high-purity oxygen (90% or more) but require higher temperatures (800-900 deg C) to operate.
Oxygen-enriched air is in high demanded for a range of medical and industrial applications including chemical and combustion processes. Cryogenic distillation is the mature technology for commercial air separation for the production of large quantities of high purity oxygen and nitrogen.
A breathing gas is a mixture of gaseous chemical elements and compounds used for respiration. Air is the most common and only natural breathing gas. Other mixtures of gases, or pure oxygen, are also used in breathing equipment and enclosed habitats such as scuba equipment, surface supplied diving equipment, recompression chambers, high-altitude mountaineering, high-flying aircraft, submarines ...
During this process the oxygen isotopes are fractionated: the clouds become enriched with 16 O, and the seawater becomes enriched in 18 O. Whereas equilibrium fractionation makes the vapor about 10 per mil (1%) depleted in 18 O relative to the liquid water, kinetic fractionation enhances this fractionation and often makes vapor that is about 15 ...
For example, if a gas mixture such as air is passed under pressure through a vessel containing an adsorbent bed of zeolite that attracts nitrogen more strongly than oxygen, a fraction of nitrogen will stay in the bed, and the gas exiting the vessel will be richer in oxygen than the mixture entering. When the bed reaches the limit of its ...
An oxygen concentrator is a device that concentrates the oxygen from a gas supply (typically ambient air) by selectively removing nitrogen to supply an oxygen-enriched product gas stream. They are used industrially, to provide supplemental oxygen at high altitudes, and as medical devices for oxygen therapy .
In which pO 2 is the chosen maximum partial pressure of oxygen in atmospheres absolute and the FO 2 is the fraction of oxygen in the mixture. For example, if a gas contains 36% oxygen (FO 2 = 0.36) and the limiting maximum pO 2 is chosen at 1.4 atmospheres absolute, the MOD in feet of seawater (fsw) [ Notes 1 ] is 33 fsw/atm x [(1.4 ata / 0.36 ...