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In electrical engineering, a transformer is a passive component that transfers electrical energy from one electrical circuit to another circuit, or multiple circuits.A varying current in any coil of the transformer produces a varying magnetic flux in the transformer's core, which induces a varying electromotive force (EMF) across any other coils wound around the same core.
Laminated steel used for power transformer cores is very inefficient at RF, wasting a lot of RF power as heat, so transformers for use at radio frequencies tends to use magnetic ceramics for winding cores, such as powdered iron (for mediumwave and lower shortwave frequencies) or ferrite (for upper shortwave).
Formerly, distribution transformers for indoor use would be filled with a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) liquid. Because these chemicals persist in the environment and adversely affect on animals, they have been banned. Other fire-resistant liquids such as silicones are used where a liquid-filled transformer must be used indoors. Certain ...
A current transformer has a primary winding, a core, and a secondary winding, although some transformers use an air core. While the physical principles are the same, the details of a "current" transformer compared with a "voltage" transformer will differ owing to different requirements of the application.
Isolation transformers are also used for the power supply of devices not at ground potential. An example is the Austin transformer for the power supply of air-traffic obstacle warning lamps on radio antenna masts. Without the isolation transformer, the lighting circuits on the mast would conduct radio-frequency energy to ground through the ...
Most of the Americas use 60 Hz AC, the 120/240 volt split-phase system domestically and three phase for larger installations. North American transformers usually power homes at 240 volts, similar to Europe's 230 volts. It is the split-phase that allows use of 120 volts in the home. Japan's utility frequencies are 50 Hz and 60 Hz.
A capacitor voltage transformer (CVT), is a transformer used in power systems to step down extra high voltage signals and provide a low voltage signal to the actual VT (voltage transformer) used for operating metering/protective relays due to a lower cost than an electromagnetic PT. The circuit diagram for a simple capacitor voltage transformer
Transformers are used in power converters to incorporate electrical isolation and voltage step-down or step up. The secondary circuit is floating, when you touch the secondary circuit, you merely drag its potential to your body's potential or the earth's potential. There will be no current flowing through your body.