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In interstitial cystitis, pentosan polysulfate is believed to work by providing a protective coating to the damaged bladder wall. Pentosan polysulfate is similar in structure to the natural glycosaminoglycan coating of the inner lining of the bladder , and may replace or repair the lining, reducing its permeability .
The term "interstitial cystitis" was coined by Dr. Alexander Skene in 1887 to describe the disease. [13] In 2002, the United States amended the Social Security Act to include interstitial cystitis as a disability. The first guideline for diagnosis and treatment of interstitial cystitis is released by a Japanese research team in 2009. [71]
Eosinophilic cystitis is a rare type of interstitial cystitis first reported in 1960 by Edwin Brown. [1] Eosinophilic cystitis has been linked to a number of etiological factors, including allergies , bladder tumors , trauma to the bladder, parasitic infections , and chemotherapy drugs , though the exact cause of the condition is still unknown.
Uses of nitrofurantoin include the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) and prophylaxis against UTIs in people prone to recurrent UTIs. [9] It is a first-line therapy for acute uncomplicated cystitis. [21] It is not recommended for empiric treatment of hospital-acquired UTIs. [21]
Interstitial cystitis (IC), also known as bladder pain syndrome (BPS), is a type of chronic pain that affects the bladder. [12] Symptoms include feeling the need to urinate right away, needing to urinate often, and pain with sex. [12] IC/BPS is associated with depression and lower quality of life. [13]
In addition to hydrodistension related glomerulations, a study by Rosamilia et al. has shown that biopsied bladders from women with interstitial cystitis have decreased vessel density in the subepithelium. With this, data collected by Irwin et al. also showed that blood perfusion in interstitial cystitis bladders is reduced.