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The case of Andrew Davis Hughes, from Emerald Isle, NC is a widely known case in which the patient was improperly intubated and, due to the lack of oxygen, sustained severe brain damage and died. For example, among paramedics in several United States urban communities, unrecognized esophageal or hypopharyngeal intubation has been reported to be ...
The most common tracheal injury is a tear near the carina or in the membranous wall of the trachea. [15] In blunt chest trauma, TBI occurs within 2.5 cm of the carina 40–80% of the time. [2] The injury is more common in the right main bronchus than the left, possibly because the former is near vertebrae, which may injure it. [2]
An endotracheal tube is a specific type of tracheal tube that is nearly always inserted through the mouth (orotracheal) or nose (nasotracheal). A tracheostomy tube is another type of tracheal tube; this 50–75-millimetre-long (2.0–3.0 in) curved metal or plastic tube may be inserted into a tracheostomy stoma (following a tracheotomy ) to ...
Bronchoscopy is an endoscopic technique of visualizing the inside of the airways for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. An instrument ( bronchoscope ) is inserted into the airways, usually through the nose or mouth, or occasionally through a tracheostomy .
The Glasgow Coma Scale [1] (GCS) is a clinical scale used to reliably measure a person's level of consciousness after a brain injury. The GCS assesses a person based on their ability to perform eye movements, speak, and move their body. These three behaviours make up the three elements of the scale: eye, verbal, and motor.
A comparison between inhalation anesthetics and intravenous anesthetics to determine which were more likely to cause postoperative cognitive dysfunction when used in the elderly for non-cardiac surgery found that fewer people experienced POCD with total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) compared to inhalational anesthesia, however, these ...
The outcome of severe cerebral hypoxia will depend on the success of damage control, amount of brain tissue deprived of oxygen, and the speed with which oxygen was restored. [citation needed] If cerebral hypoxia was localized to a specific part of the brain, brain damage will be localized to that region. A general consequence may be epilepsy ...
The oedema surrounding the haemorrhage would rapidly increase in size in the first 48 hours, and reached its maximum extent at day 14. The bigger the size of the haematoma, the larger its surrounding oedema. [31] Brain oedema formation is due to the breakdown of red blood cells, where haemoglobin and other contents of red blood cells are released.