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Most fish species with pharyngeal teeth do not have extendable pharyngeal jaws. A particularly notable exception is the highly mobile pharyngeal jaw of the moray eels.These are possibly a response to their inability to swallow as other fishes do by creating a negative pressure in the mouth, perhaps induced by their restricted environmental niche (burrows) or in the air in the intertidal zone. [10]
Moray eel jaw anatomy In addition to the presence of pharyngeal jaws, morays' mouth openings extend far back into the head, compared to fish which feed using suction. In the action of lunging at prey and biting down, water flows out the posterior side of the mouth opening, reducing waves in front of the eel which would otherwise displace prey.
The Kidako moray falls into the category of piscivorous with pharyngeal jaws. The jaws of the Kidako moray, or moray eels in general, hold a dual-jaw system for feeding. [ 10 ] They primarily use the oral jaws to deliver prey into the esophagus with sharp and piercing teeth.
The pharyngeal jaws of the moray are highly mobile, perhaps as an adaptation to the constricted nature of the burrows they inhabit which inhibits their ability to swallow as other fishes do by creating a negative pressure in the mouth. Instead, when the moray bites prey, it first bites normally with its oral jaws, capturing the prey.
The branchial system is typically used for respiration and/or feeding. Many fish have modified posterior gill arches into pharyngeal jaws, often equipped with specialized pharyngeal teeth for handling particular prey items (long, sharp teeth in carnivorous moray eels compared to broad, crushing teeth in durophagous black carp).
Gymnothorax kontodontos E. B. Böhlke, 2000 (Short-tooth moray) Gymnothorax longinquus (Whitley, 1948) Gymnothorax maderensis (J. Y. Johnson, 1862) (Shark-tooth moray) Gymnothorax mareei Poll, 1953 (Spot-jaw moray) Gymnothorax margaritophorus Bleeker, 1864 (Blotch-necked moray) Gymnothorax marshallensis (L. P. Schultz, 1953) (Marshall Islands ...
An illustration of the pharyngeal jaws of a moray eel. Pharyngeal jaws are a "second set" of jaws contained within the pharynx of many species of fish, distinct from the primary (oral) jaws. Pharyngeal jaws have been studied in moray eels where their specific action is noted. When the moray bites prey, it first bites normally with its oral jaws ...
The California moray (Gymnothorax mordax) is a moray eel of the family Muraenidae, found in the eastern Pacific from just north of Santa Barbara to Santa Maria Bay in Baja California. [2] They are the only species of moray eel found off California, and one of the few examples of a subtropical moray.