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Bipolar patients taking antipsychotics have lower scores on tests of memory and full-scale IQ than patients taking other mood stabilisers. [35] Use of both typical and atypical antipsychotics is associated with risk of cognitive impairment, but the risk is higher for antipsychotics with more sedating effects.
Studies found that in autopsies (which do not necessarily reflect living people), people with bipolar disorder had increased G-protein coupling compared to people without bipolar disorder. [119] Lithium treatment alters the function of certain subunits of the dopamine-associated G-protein, which may be part of its mechanism of action. [119]
Antidepressant monotherapy is not recommended in the treatment of bipolar disorder and does not provide any benefit over mood stabilizers. [17] [155] Atypical antipsychotic medications (e.g., aripiprazole) are preferred over antidepressants to augment the effects of mood stabilizers due to the lack of efficacy of antidepressants in bipolar ...
It is known that even subclinical hypothyroidism can blunt a patient's response to both mood stabilizers and antidepressants. Furthermore, preliminary research into the use of thyroid augmentation in patients with refractory and rapid-cycling bipolar disorder has been positive, showing a slowing in cycle frequency and reduction in symptoms.
In adults and children with bipolar disorder, SSRIs may cause a bipolar switch from depression into hypomania/mania, mixed states or rapid cycling. [159] When taken with mood stabilizers, the risk of switching is not increased, however when taking SSRIs as a monotherapy, the risk of switching may be twice or three times that of the average.
In one smaller study involving 33 patients with type 2 diabetes, researchers found that participants had decreases in overall weight, body mass index and waist circumference at the end of the 12 ...