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The specific characteristics of a putative fifth force depend on which hypothesis is being advanced. No evidence to support these models has been found. The term is also used as "the Fifth force" when referring to a specific theory advanced by Ephraim Fischbach in 1971 to explain experimental deviations in the theory of gravity. Later analysis ...
The discovery could “completely change our understanding of the universe, with consequences for the unification of forces and dark matter.” Scientists believe they have discovered the fifth ...
[clarification needed] Similarly, modern quintessence would be the fifth known "dynamical, time-dependent, and spatially inhomogeneous" contribution to the overall mass–energy content of the universe. Of course, the other four components are not the ancient Greek classical elements, but rather "baryons, neutrinos, dark matter, [and] radiation."
Since the 19th century, some physicists, notably Albert Einstein, have attempted to develop a single theoretical framework that can account for all the fundamental forces of nature – a unified field theory. Classical unified field theories are attempts to create a unified field theory based on classical physics.
This can be divided into SU(5) × SU(3) F × U(1) which is the SU(5) theory together with some heavy bosons which act on the generation number. GUTs with four families / generations, O(16): Again assuming 4 generations of fermions, the 128 particles and anti-particles can be put into a single spinor representation of O(16).
The X17 particle (X17 boson) is a hypothetical subatomic particle proposed by Attila Krasznahorkay and his colleagues to explain certain anomalous measurement results; these anomalous measurements are known as ATOMKI anomaly or beryllium (8 Be) anomaly or X17 anomaly.
In physics, a unified field theory (UFT) is a type of field theory that allows all fundamental forces and elementary particles to be written in terms of a single type of field. According to modern discoveries in physics, forces are not transmitted directly between interacting objects but instead are described and interpreted by intermediary ...
In physics, Kaluza–Klein theory (KK theory) is a classical unified field theory of gravitation and electromagnetism built around the idea of a fifth dimension beyond the common 4D of space and time and considered an important precursor to string theory. In their setup, the vacuum has the usual 3 dimensions of space and one dimension of time ...