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The aim in treatment is to detect the underlying cause. When PaCO2 is adjusted rapidly in individuals with chronic respiratory alkalosis, metabolic acidosis may occur. [3] If the individual is on a mechanical ventilator then preventing hyperventilation is done via monitoring ABG levels. [17]
Hyperventilation is irregular breathing that occurs when the rate or tidal volume of breathing eliminates more carbon dioxide than the body can produce. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] This leads to hypocapnia , a reduced concentration of carbon dioxide dissolved in the blood.
This increased catabolism accompanied by hyperventilation can lead to severe insensible water losses, dehydration and hypernatremia. [9] Acute aspirin or salicylates overdose or poisoning can cause initial respiratory alkalosis though metabolic acidosis ensues thereafter.
Hyperventilation syndrome is believed to be caused by psychological factors. [8] It is one cause of hyperventilation with others including infection, blood loss, heart attack, [9] hypocapnia or alkalosis due to chemical imbalances, decreased cerebral blood flow, and increased nerve sensitivity. [10]
Alkalosis is the result of a process reducing hydrogen ion concentration of arterial blood plasma (alkalemia). In contrast to acidemia (serum pH 7.35 or lower), alkalemia occurs when the serum pH is higher than normal (7.45 or higher).
Cardiac, pulmonary, and metabolic disorders have been ruled out as causes of the hyperventilation. [3] Tests such as electrocardiograms, echocardiograms, torso computed tomographic scans, and chest radiographs have revealed that the pulmonary and cardiac systems of CNH are normal. [2] Liver and kidney functions are also normal. [2]
It is a form of hyperventilation, which is any breathing pattern that reduces carbon dioxide in the blood due to increased rate or depth of respiration. In metabolic acidosis, breathing is first rapid and shallow [1] but as acidosis worsens, breathing gradually becomes deep, labored and gasping. It is this latter type of breathing pattern that ...
The body initially buffers the change with the bicarbonate buffering system, but this system is quickly overwhelmed and other mechanisms must work to compensate for the acidosis. [3] One such mechanism is hyperventilation to lower blood carbon dioxide levels (a form of compensatory respiratory alkalosis).