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Even without dietary intake, theobromine may occur in the body as it is a product of the human metabolism of caffeine, which is metabolised in the liver into 12% theobromine, 4% theophylline, and 84% paraxanthine. [26] In the liver, theobromine is metabolized into xanthine and subsequently into methyluric acid. [27]
The most common victims of theobromine poisoning are dogs, [8] [9] for whom it can be fatal. The toxic dose for cats is even lower than for dogs. [10] However, cats are less prone to eating chocolate since they are unable to taste sweetness. [11] Theobromine is less toxic to rats and mice, who all have an LD 50 of about 1,000 mg/kg (0.016 oz/lb).
Theobromine (12%): Dilates blood vessels and increases urine volume. Theobromine is also the principal alkaloid in the cocoa bean . Theophylline (4%): Relaxes smooth muscles of the bronchi, and is used to treat asthma. The therapeutic dose of theophylline, however, is many times greater than the levels attained from caffeine metabolism. [46]
Theobromine is a naturally occurring stimulant that dilates blood vessels (instead of constricting them) to increase blood flow, which gives you the same boost of energy that coffee does—except ...
They should also limit their intake of 100% juice, as well as plant-based and flavored milks — while altogether avoiding sugar-sweetened beverages, drinks containing artificial sweeteners, and ...
I’ve always been a tea-and-toast-for-breakfast kind of person. But finally fed up with mid-morning energy dips and sugar cravings, I decided to find out if protein was the boost my body needed ...
The recommended adequate intake of sodium is 1,500 milligrams (3.9 g salt) per day, and people over 50 need even less." [ 13 ] The Daily Value for potassium, 4,700 mg per day, was based on a study of men who were given 14.6 g of sodium chloride per day and treated with potassium supplements until the frequency of salt sensitivity was reduced to ...
Tolerable daily intake (TDI) refers to the daily amount of a chemical contaminant that has been assessed safe for human being exposure on long-term basis (usually whole lifetime). [1] TDI specifically occurs to chemicals that humans are exposed to unintentionally or as a contaminant, [ 1 ] where acceptable daily intake refers to chemicals that ...