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The Boxer Protocol was a diplomatic protocol [1] signed in China's capital Beijing on September 7, 1901, between the Qing Empire of China and the Eight-Nation Alliance that had provided military forces (including France, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, Austria-Hungary, Japan, Russia, and the United States) as well as Belgium, Spain, and the Netherlands, after China's defeat in the intervention ...
The Boxer Protocol of 7 September 1901 provided for the execution of government officials who had supported the Boxers, for foreign troops to be stationed in Beijing, and for 450 million taels of silver—more than the government's annual tax revenue—to be paid as indemnity over the course of the next 39 years to the eight invading nations.
The Imperial Decree began with the events in the summer of 1900, when Prince Qing and Li Hongzhang were given the mandate of full attorney to negotiate with the foreign diplomats for a ceasefire and peace treaty, blaming the Boxer rebels for the rebellion which plunged Beijing into total chaos, while the Guangxu Emperor and Empress Dowager Cixi took refuge to the western provinces for a ...
The Eight-Nation Alliance was a multinational military coalition that invaded northern China in 1900 during the Boxer Rebellion, with the stated aim of relieving the foreign legations in Beijing, which was being besieged by the popular Boxer militiamen, who were determined to remove foreign imperialism in China.
With the Boxer Protocol of 7 September 1901, Italy obtained control of the Italian concession of Tientsin, an area of 45 hectares (111 acres) consisting of a village, land along the river rich in salt marshes, and a large marshy area used as a cemetery. After a period of Italian disinterest in the concession, a cleanup began.
China Relief Expedition Streamer The Eight-Nation Alliance. The China Relief Expedition was an expedition in China undertaken by the United States Armed Forces to rescue United States citizens, European nationals, and other foreign nationals during the latter years of the Boxer Rebellion, which lasted from 1898 to 1901.
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Signatories of the Boxer Protocol. Giuseppe Salvago Raggi (second from the seated left) among those visible in the photo. He was ambassador of Italy to China (1899–1901) and France. He was the Italian colonial governor of Somaliland (1906–1907) and Eritrea (1907–1915). He is best known for signing the Boxer Protocol on behalf of the ...