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Cannabinoids (/ k ə ˈ n æ b ə n ɔɪ d z ˌ ˈ k æ n ə b ə n ɔɪ d z /) are compounds found in the cannabis plant or synthetic compounds that can interact with the endocannabinoid system. [1] [2] The most notable cannabinoid is the phytocannabinoid tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (Delta-9-THC), the primary intoxicating compound in cannabis.
Delta-9-THC is the primary molecule responsible for the effects of cannabis. Delta-9-THC is metabolized in the liver and turns into 11-OH-THC. [64] 11-OH-THC is the first metabolic product in this pathway. Both Delta-9-THC and 11-OH-THC are psychoactive.
The short-term effects of cannabis are caused by many chemical compounds in the cannabis plant, including 113 [clarification needed] different cannabinoids, such as tetrahydrocannabinol, and 120 terpenes, [1] which allow its drug to have various psychological and physiological effects on the human body.
In Phase III trials, the most common adverse effects were dizziness, drowsiness and disorientation; 12% of subjects stopped taking the drug because of the side effects. [57] Dronabinol (brand names Marinol and Syndros) is a delta-9-THC containing drug for treating HIV/AIDS-induced anorexia and chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. [58]
The Δ 9 isomer of THCP occurs naturally in cannabis, but in small amounts. A 2021 study reported the content of Δ 9 -THCP ranging from 0.0023% to 0.0136% (w/w) (approximately 0.02–0.13 mg/g) without correlation to THC percentage in Δ 9 -THC -dominant strains of cannabis; that study failed to detect THCP in CBD -dominant strains.
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a cannabinoid found in cannabis. [9] It is the principal psychoactive constituent of cannabis and one of at least 113 total cannabinoids identified on the plant.
Δ 9-Tetrahydrocannabiorcol (Δ 9-THCC, (C1)-Δ 9-THC) is a phytocannabinoid found in Cannabis pollen. [1] It is a homologue of THC and THCV with the alkyl side chain replaced by a smaller methyl group.
Nabiximols (brand name Sativex), an oromucosal spray made of a complex botanical mixture containing cannabidiol (CBD), delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and additional cannabinoid and non-cannabinoid constituents from cannabis sativa plants, was approved by Health Canada in 2005, to treat central neuropathic pain in multiple sclerosis, and in ...