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Rome and its metropolitan area has a Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: Csa), [1] with mild winters and hot summers. According to Troll-Paffen climate classification, Rome has a warm-temperate subtropical climate (Warmgemäßigt-subtropisches Zonenklima). [2]
The Roman Warm Period, or Roman Climatic Optimum, was a period of unusually-warm weather in Europe and the North Atlantic that ran from approximately 250 BC to AD 400. [1] Theophrastus (371 – c. 287 BC) wrote that date trees could grow in Greece if they were planted but that they could not set fruit there.
Some parts of the empire, however, saw better precipitation. A weather diary, compiled by Ptolemy in Alexandria in around 120, mentioned rain in every month except August and thunder throughout the summer. It helps to explain the agricultural prosperity of Roman Africa (the granary of Rome), and the prosperity of southern Spain in the Roman era ...
Italy is located in southern Europe and it is also considered a part of western Europe, [12] between latitudes 35° and 47° N, and longitudes 6° and 19° E.To the north, Italy borders Switzerland, France, Austria and Slovenia and is roughly delimited by the Alpine watershed, enclosing the Po Valley and the Venetian Plain.
The Köppen climate classification divides Earth climates into five main climate groups, with each group being divided based on patterns of seasonal precipitation and temperature. The five main groups are A (tropical), B (arid), C (temperate), D (continental), and E (polar).
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The highest temperature ever recorded in Rome was 42.9 °C (109.2 °F) on 18 July 2023. [ 81 ] Climate data for Rome Ciampino Airport , elevation: 129 m or 423 ft, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1944–present