Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
Up-and-down procedure (or method) for toxicology tests in medicine is an alternative to the LD 50 test, in which animals are used for acute toxicity testing. [1] [2] It requires fewer animals to achieve similar accuracy as the LD 50 test because animals are dosed one at a time. [3]
Acute toxicity is distinguished from chronic toxicity, which describes the adverse health effects from repeated exposures, often at lower levels, to a substance over a longer time period (months or years). It is widely considered unethical to use humans as test subjects for acute (or chronic) toxicity research.
The fixed-dose procedure (FDP), proposed in 1992 by the British Toxicology Society, is a method to assess a substance's acute oral toxicity. [1] [2]In comparison to the older LD 50 test developed in 1927, this procedure produces similar results while using fewer animals and causing less pain and suffering. [3]
U.S. Army Public Health Center Toxicology Lab technician assessing samples. Toxicology testing, also known as safety assessment, or toxicity testing, is the process of determining the degree to which a substance of interest negatively impacts the normal biological functions of an organism, given a certain exposure duration, route of exposure, and substance concentration.
The value of LD 50 for a substance is the dose required to kill half the members of a tested population after a specified test duration. LD 50 figures are frequently used as a general indicator of a substance's acute toxicity. A lower LD 50 is indicative of higher toxicity. The term LD 50 is generally attributed to John William Trevan. [2]
Sediment-Water Chironomid Life-Cycle Toxicity Test Using Spiked Water or Spiked Sediment 234: Fish Sexual Development Test 235: Chironomus sp., Acute Immobilisation Test 236: Fish Embryo Acute Toxicity (FET) Test 237: Honey Bee (Apis Mellifera) Larval Toxicity Test, Single Exposure 238: Sediment-Free Myriophyllum Spicatum Toxicity Test 239
The Draize test is an acute toxicity test devised in 1944 by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) toxicologists John H. Draize and Jacob M. Spines. Initially used for testing cosmetics, the procedure involves applying 0.5 mL or 0.5 g of a test substance to the eye or skin of a restrained, conscious animal, and then leaving it for a set amount of time before rinsing it out and recording its effects.
From the 1940s to the 1960s, animal bioassays were primarily used to test the toxicity and safety of drugs, food additives, and pesticides. [11] Beginning in the late 1960s and 1970s, reliance on bioassays increased as public concern for occupational and environmental hazards increased. [11]