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In 1991 Adams and co-workers coined the term expressed sequence tag (EST) and initiated more systematic sequencing of cDNAs as a project (starting with 600 brain cDNAs). [8] The identification of ESTs proceeded rapidly, millions of ESTs now available in public databases (e.g. GenBank ).
Alternatively, if the genome of the organism that originated the EST has been sequenced, one can align the EST sequence to that genome using a computer. The current understanding of the human set of genes (as of 2006) includes the existence of thousands of genes based solely on EST evidence. In this respect, ESTs have become a tool to refine ...
The expression of many genes can be determined by measuring mRNA levels with multiple techniques including microarrays, expressed cDNA sequence tag (EST) sequencing, serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) tag sequencing, massively parallel signature sequencing (MPSS), RNA-Seq, also known as "Whole Transcriptome Shotgun Sequencing" (WTSS), or ...
In bioinformatics, sequence assembly refers to aligning and merging fragments from a longer DNA sequence in order to reconstruct the original sequence. [1] This is needed as DNA sequencing technology might not be able to 'read' whole genomes in one go, but rather reads small pieces of between 20 and 30,000 bases, depending on the technology used. [1]
Electronic sell-through (EST) is a method of media distribution whereby consumers pay a one-time fee to download a media file for storage on a hard drive. [1] Although EST is often described as a transaction that grants content "ownership" to the consumer, the content may become unusable after a certain period and may not be viewable using competing platforms. [2]
SonicParanoid [29] [30] is a graph based method that uses machine learning to reduce execution times and infer orthologs at the domain level. Tree-based phylogenetic approaches aim to distinguish speciation from gene duplication events by comparing gene trees with species trees, as implemented in databases and software tools such as:
Genome survey sequencing is a new way to map the genome sequences since it is not dependent on mRNA.Current genome sequencing approaches are mostly high-throughput shotgun methods, and GSS is often used on the first step of sequencing.
One example is the industrial production of cortisone, which one step is the bioconversion of progesterone to 11-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone by Rhizopus nigricans. Another example is the bioconversion of glycerol to 1,3-propanediol , which is part of scientific research for many decades.