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  2. Plate tectonics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics

    Plate tectonics (from Latin tectonicus, from Ancient Greek τεκτονικός (tektonikós) 'pertaining to building') [1] is the scientific theory that Earth's lithosphere comprises a number of large tectonic plates, which have been slowly moving since 3–4 billion years ago.

  3. Numerical modeling (geology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerical_modeling_(geology)

    Plate tectonics is a theory suggesting that the Earth's lithosphere is essentially composed of plates floating on the mantle. [97] The mantle convection model is fundamental in modeling the plates floating on it, and there are two major approaches to incorporate the plates into this model: rigid-block approach and rheological approach. [2]

  4. Vine–Matthews–Morley hypothesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vine–Matthews–Morley...

    The Vine–Matthews–Morley hypothesis, also known as the Morley–Vine–Matthews hypothesis, was the first key scientific test of the seafloor spreading theory of continental drift and plate tectonics. Its key impact was that it allowed the rates of plate motions at mid-ocean ridges to be computed.

  5. Wilson Cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilson_cycle

    The Wilson cycle theory is based upon the idea of an ongoing cycle of ocean closure, continental collision, and a formation of new ocean on the former suture zone.The Wilson Cycle can be described in six phases of tectonic plate motion: the separation of a continent (continental rift), formation of a young ocean at the seafloor, formation of ocean basins during continental drift, initiation of ...

  6. Outline of plate tectonics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_plate_tectonics

    Plate tectonics (from Latin tectonicus, from Ancient Greek τεκτονικός (tektonikós) 'pertaining to building') is the scientific theory that Earth's lithosphere comprises a number of large tectonic plates, which have been slowly moving since 3–4 billion years ago.

  7. Plate theory (volcanism) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_theory_(volcanism)

    The plate theory is a model of volcanism that attributes all volcanic activity on Earth, even that which appears superficially to be anomalous, to the operation of plate tectonics. According to the plate theory, the principal cause of volcanism is extension of the lithosphere .

  8. File:Tectonic plate model 1Ga.webm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tectonic_plate_model...

    English: How Earth's tectonic plates and lands may have been positioned and moved in the past: an animated video of a full-plate tectonic model extended one billion years into the past. It is a result of the 2020 study "Extending full-plate tectonic models into deep time".

  9. Mesoplates - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesoplates

    In 1977 researchers M. Kumazawa and Y. Fukao [1] introduced the term "mesoplate" in the context of what they termed a "Dual Plate Tectonic Model." Their rationale is a postulated low-velocity zone near and above the 650 km discontinuity with additional properties including local low melting temperature, active chemical migration and fractionation, and low-viscosity.